Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Direct Speech (El estilo directo)
- Ejemplos:
-
“I am going to London next week,“ she said.(“Voy a Londres la semana que viene,” ella dijo.)
-
“Do you have a pen I could borrow,“ he asked. (“Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas prestarme,” él preguntó.)
-
Alice said, “I love to dance.“ (Alice dijo, “Me encanta bailar.”)
-
Chris asked, “Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?“ (Chris preguntó, “Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?”)
Reported Speech (El estilo indirecto)
Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
Present Simple | Past Simple |
“He‘s American“ she said. |
She said he was American. |
“I‘m happy to see you“, Mary said. |
Mary said that she was happy to see me. |
He asked, “Are you busy tonight?“ |
He asked me if I was busy tonight. |
Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
“Dan is living in San Francisco,“ she said. |
She said Dan was living in San Francisco. |
He said, “I’m making dinner” |
He told me that he was making dinner. |
“Why are you working so hard?“ they asked. |
They asked me why I was working so hard. |
Past Simple | Past Perfect Simple |
“We went to the movies last night,“ he said. |
He told me they had gone to the movies last night. |
Greg said, “I didn’t go to work yesterday.“ |
Greg said that he hadn’t gone to work yesterday. |
“Did you buy a new car?“ she asked. |
She asked me if I had bought a new car. |
Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
“I was working late last night,“ Vicki said. |
Vicki told me she‘d been working last night. |
They said, “We weren’t waiting long.“ |
They said that they hadn’t been waitinglong. |
He asked, “Were you sleeping when I called?“ |
He asked if I‘d been sleeping when he called. |
Present Perfect Simple | Past Perfect Simple |
Heather said, “I‘ve already eaten.“ |
Heather told me that she‘d already eaten. |
“We haven’t been to China,” they said. |
They said they hadn’t been to China. |
“Have you worked here before?“ I asked. |
I asked her whether she‘d worked there before. |
Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
“I‘ve been studying English for two years,“he said. |
He said he‘d been studying English for two years. |
Steve said, “We‘ve been dating for over a year now.“ |
Steve told me that they‘d been dating for over a year. |
“Have you been waiting long?“ they asked. |
They asked whether I‘d been waiting long. |
Past Perfect Simple | Past Perfect Simple (*NO CHANGE) |
“I‘d been to Chicago before for work,“ he said. |
He said that he‘d been to Chicago before for work. |
Past Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous (*NO CHANGE) |
She said, “I‘d been dancing for years before the accident.“ |
She said she‘d been dancing for years before the accident. |
- Ejemplos:
-
“I’m 30 years old,” she said. → She said she is 30 years old.
-
Dave said, “Kelly is sick.” → Dave said Kelly is sick.
-
“We are going to Tokyo next week,” they said. → They said they are going to Tokyo next week.
-
“I’ll cut my hair tomorrow,” Nina said. → Nina said she is cutting her hair tomorrow.
Modal Verbs (Los verbos modales)
Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Will | Would |
“I‘ll go to the movies tomorrow,“ John said. |
John said he would go to the movies tomorrow. |
“Will you help me move?“ she asked. |
She asked me if I would help her move. |
Can | Could |
Debra said, “Allen can work tomorrow.“ |
Debra said Allen could work tomorrow. |
“Can you open the window, please?“, he asked. |
He asked me if I could open the window. |
Must | Had to |
“You must wear your seatbelt,“ mom said. |
My mom said I had to wear my seatbelt. |
She said, “You must work tomorrow.“ |
She said I had to work tomorrow. |
Shall | Should |
“Shall we go to the beach today?“ Tom asked. |
Tom asked if we should go to the beach today. |
“What shall we do tonight?” she asked. |
She asked me what we should do tonight. |
May | Might/Could |
Jane said, “I may not be in class tomorrow.“ |
Jane said she might not be in class tomorrow. |
“May I use the bathroom, please?“ the boy asked. |
The boy asked if he could use the bathroom. |
Say vs. Tell
Say
- Ejemplos:
- Estilo directo
-
“I’m hungry,” he said. (“Tengo hambre,” él dijo.)
-
“I need your help,” Glen said to Mike. (“Necesito tu ayuda,” Glen dijo a Mike.)
-
She said, “Do you like to dance?” (Ella dijo, “¿Te gusta bailar?”)
- Estilo indirecto
-
He said he was hungry. (Él dijo que tenía hambre.)
-
Glen said to Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
-
She asked me if I liked to dance. (Me preguntó si me gustaba bailar.)
Tell
- Ejemplos:
- Estilo directo
-
He told me, “I’m hungry.” (Me dijo, “Tengo hambre.”)
-
Glen told Mike, “I need your help.” (Glen dijo a Mike, “Necesito to ayuda.”)
- Estilo indirecto
-
He told me that he was hungry. (Me dijo que tenía hambre.)
-
Glen told Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
- Se usa “tell” con ordenes o instrucciones.
- Ejemplos:
-
I told him, “Stop complaining.” (Le dije, “Deja de quejarte.”)
-
She told us to hurry. (Nos dijo que nos diéramos prisa.)
- Usamos “tell” cuando damos o pedimos información.
- Ejemplos:
-
“Can you tell me your name please.” (“Díme tu nombre, por favor.”)
-
You told him the address of the office? (¿Le dijiste la dirección de la oficina?)
- Se usa “tell” con cuentos o bromas. En esto caso, se puede traducir “tell” como “contar” en español.
- Ejemplos:
-
He told us a great story. (Nos contó un cuento maravilloso.)
-
“Tell me a joke,” she said. (“Cuéntame un chiste,” dijo ella.)
- Con la verdad y las mentiras, se usa “tell.”
- Ejemplos:
-
“Tell me the truth,” she said. (“Dime la verdad,” dijo ella.)
-
Keith never tells lies. (Keith nunca miente.)
- Usamos “tell” con el tiempo o la fecha.
- Ejemplos:
-
“Could you tell me the time, please?” she asked. (“Podrías decirme la hora, por favor?” me preguntó.)
-
Bob told me the date. (Bob me dijo la fecha.)
Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Direct Speech (El estilo directo)
- Ejemplos:
-
“I am going to London next week,“ she said.(“Voy a Londres la semana que viene,” ella dijo.)
-
“Do you have a pen I could borrow,“ he asked. (“Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas prestarme,” él preguntó.)
-
Alice said, “I love to dance.“ (Alice dijo, “Me encanta bailar.”)
-
Chris asked, “Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?“ (Chris preguntó, “Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?”)
Reported Speech (El estilo indirecto)
Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
Present Simple | Past Simple |
“He‘s American“ she said. |
She said he was American. |
“I‘m happy to see you“, Mary said. |
Mary said that she was happy to see me. |
He asked, “Are you busy tonight?“ |
He asked me if I was busy tonight. |
Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
“Dan is living in San Francisco,“ she said. |
She said Dan was living in San Francisco. |
He said, “I’m making dinner” |
He told me that he was making dinner. |
“Why are you working so hard?“ they asked. |
They asked me why I was working so hard. |
Past Simple | Past Perfect Simple |
“We went to the movies last night,“ he said. |
He told me they had gone to the movies last night. |
Greg said, “I didn’t go to work yesterday.“ |
Greg said that he hadn’t gone to work yesterday. |
“Did you buy a new car?“ she asked. |
She asked me if I had bought a new car. |
Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
“I was working late last night,“ Vicki said. |
Vicki told me she‘d been working last night. |
They said, “We weren’t waiting long.“ |
They said that they hadn’t been waitinglong. |
He asked, “Were you sleeping when I called?“ |
He asked if I‘d been sleeping when he called. |
Present Perfect Simple | Past Perfect Simple |
Heather said, “I‘ve already eaten.“ |
Heather told me that she‘d already eaten. |
“We haven’t been to China,” they said. |
They said they hadn’t been to China. |
“Have you worked here before?“ I asked. |
I asked her whether she‘d worked there before. |
Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
“I‘ve been studying English for two years,“he said. |
He said he‘d been studying English for two years. |
Steve said, “We‘ve been dating for over a year now.“ |
Steve told me that they‘d been dating for over a year. |
“Have you been waiting long?“ they asked. |
They asked whether I‘d been waiting long. |
Past Perfect Simple | Past Perfect Simple (*NO CHANGE) |
“I‘d been to Chicago before for work,“ he said. |
He said that he‘d been to Chicago before for work. |
Past Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous (*NO CHANGE) |
She said, “I‘d been dancing for years before the accident.“ |
She said she‘d been dancing for years before the accident. |
- Ejemplos:
-
“I’m 30 years old,” she said. → She said she is 30 years old.
-
Dave said, “Kelly is sick.” → Dave said Kelly is sick.
-
“We are going to Tokyo next week,” they said. → They said they are going to Tokyo next week.
-
“I’ll cut my hair tomorrow,” Nina said. → Nina said she is cutting her hair tomorrow.
Modal Verbs (Los verbos modales)
Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Will | Would |
“I‘ll go to the movies tomorrow,“ John said. |
John said he would go to the movies tomorrow. |
“Will you help me move?“ she asked. |
She asked me if I would help her move. |
Can | Could |
Debra said, “Allen can work tomorrow.“ |
Debra said Allen could work tomorrow. |
“Can you open the window, please?“, he asked. |
He asked me if I could open the window. |
Must | Had to |
“You must wear your seatbelt,“ mom said. |
My mom said I had to wear my seatbelt. |
She said, “You must work tomorrow.“ |
She said I had to work tomorrow. |
Shall | Should |
“Shall we go to the beach today?“ Tom asked. |
Tom asked if we should go to the beach today. |
“What shall we do tonight?” she asked. |
She asked me what we should do tonight. |
May | Might/Could |
Jane said, “I may not be in class tomorrow.“ |
Jane said she might not be in class tomorrow. |
“May I use the bathroom, please?“ the boy asked. |
The boy asked if he could use the bathroom. |
Say vs. Tell
Say
- Ejemplos:
- Estilo directo
-
“I’m hungry,” he said. (“Tengo hambre,” él dijo.)
-
“I need your help,” Glen said to Mike. (“Necesito tu ayuda,” Glen dijo a Mike.)
-
She said, “Do you like to dance?” (Ella dijo, “¿Te gusta bailar?”)
- Estilo indirecto
-
He said he was hungry. (Él dijo que tenía hambre.)
-
Glen said to Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
-
She asked me if I liked to dance. (Me preguntó si me gustaba bailar.)
Tell
- Ejemplos:
- Estilo directo
-
He told me, “I’m hungry.” (Me dijo, “Tengo hambre.”)
-
Glen told Mike, “I need your help.” (Glen dijo a Mike, “Necesito to ayuda.”)
- Estilo indirecto
-
He told me that he was hungry. (Me dijo que tenía hambre.)
-
Glen told Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
- Se usa “tell” con ordenes o instrucciones.
- Ejemplos:
-
I told him, “Stop complaining.” (Le dije, “Deja de quejarte.”)
-
She told us to hurry. (Nos dijo que nos diéramos prisa.)
- Usamos “tell” cuando damos o pedimos información.
- Ejemplos:
-
“Can you tell me your name please.” (“Díme tu nombre, por favor.”)
-
You told him the address of the office? (¿Le dijiste la dirección de la oficina?)
- Se usa “tell” con cuentos o bromas. En esto caso, se puede traducir “tell” como “contar” en español.
- Ejemplos:
-
He told us a great story. (Nos contó un cuento maravilloso.)
-
“Tell me a joke,” she said. (“Cuéntame un chiste,” dijo ella.)
- Con la verdad y las mentiras, se usa “tell.”
- Ejemplos:
-
“Tell me the truth,” she said. (“Dime la verdad,” dijo ella.)
-
Keith never tells lies. (Keith nunca miente.)
- Usamos “tell” con el tiempo o la fecha.
- Ejemplos:
-
“Could you tell me the time, please?” she asked. (“Podrías decirme la hora, por favor?” me preguntó.)
-
Bob told me the date. (Bob me dijo la fecha.)
Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Direct Speech (El estilo directo)
- Ejemplos:
-
“I am going to London next week,“ she said.(“Voy a Londres la semana que viene,” ella dijo.)
-
“Do you have a pen I could borrow,“ he asked. (“Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas prestarme,” él preguntó.)
-
Alice said, “I love to dance.“ (Alice dijo, “Me encanta bailar.”)
-
Chris asked, “Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?“ (Chris preguntó, “Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?”)
Reported Speech (El estilo indirecto)
Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
Present Simple | Past Simple |
“He‘s American“ she said. |
She said he was American. |
“I‘m happy to see you“, Mary said. |
Mary said that she was happy to see me. |
He asked, “Are you busy tonight?“ |
He asked me if I was busy tonight. |
Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
“Dan is living in San Francisco,“ she said. |
She said Dan was living in San Francisco. |
He said, “I’m making dinner” |
He told me that he was making dinner. |
“Why are you working so hard?“ they asked. |
They asked me why I was working so hard. |
Past Simple | Past Perfect Simple |
“We went to the movies last night,“ he said. |
He told me they had gone to the movies last night. |
Greg said, “I didn’t go to work yesterday.“ |
Greg said that he hadn’t gone to work yesterday. |
“Did you buy a new car?“ she asked. |
She asked me if I had bought a new car. |
Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
“I was working late last night,“ Vicki said. |
Vicki told me she‘d been working last night. |
They said, “We weren’t waiting long.“ |
They said that they hadn’t been waitinglong. |
He asked, “Were you sleeping when I called?“ |
He asked if I‘d been sleeping when he called. |
Present Perfect Simple | Past Perfect Simple |
Heather said, “I‘ve already eaten.“ |
Heather told me that she‘d already eaten. |
“We haven’t been to China,” they said. |
They said they hadn’t been to China. |
“Have you worked here before?“ I asked. |
I asked her whether she‘d worked there before. |
Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
“I‘ve been studying English for two years,“he said. |
He said he‘d been studying English for two years. |
Steve said, “We‘ve been dating for over a year now.“ |
Steve told me that they‘d been dating for over a year. |
“Have you been waiting long?“ they asked. |
They asked whether I‘d been waiting long. |
Past Perfect Simple | Past Perfect Simple (*NO CHANGE) |
“I‘d been to Chicago before for work,“ he said. |
He said that he‘d been to Chicago before for work. |
Past Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous (*NO CHANGE) |
She said, “I‘d been dancing for years before the accident.“ |
She said she‘d been dancing for years before the accident. |
- Ejemplos:
-
“I’m 30 years old,” she said. → She said she is 30 years old.
-
Dave said, “Kelly is sick.” → Dave said Kelly is sick.
-
“We are going to Tokyo next week,” they said. → They said they are going to Tokyo next week.
-
“I’ll cut my hair tomorrow,” Nina said. → Nina said she is cutting her hair tomorrow.
Modal Verbs (Los verbos modales)
Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Will | Would |
“I‘ll go to the movies tomorrow,“ John said. |
John said he would go to the movies tomorrow. |
“Will you help me move?“ she asked. |
She asked me if I would help her move. |
Can | Could |
Debra said, “Allen can work tomorrow.“ |
Debra said Allen could work tomorrow. |
“Can you open the window, please?“, he asked. |
He asked me if I could open the window. |
Must | Had to |
“You must wear your seatbelt,“ mom said. |
My mom said I had to wear my seatbelt. |
She said, “You must work tomorrow.“ |
She said I had to work tomorrow. |
Shall | Should |
“Shall we go to the beach today?“ Tom asked. |
Tom asked if we should go to the beach today. |
“What shall we do tonight?” she asked. |
She asked me what we should do tonight. |
May | Might/Could |
Jane said, “I may not be in class tomorrow.“ |
Jane said she might not be in class tomorrow. |
“May I use the bathroom, please?“ the boy asked. |
The boy asked if he could use the bathroom. |
Say vs. Tell
Say
- Ejemplos:
- Estilo directo
-
“I’m hungry,” he said. (“Tengo hambre,” él dijo.)
-
“I need your help,” Glen said to Mike. (“Necesito tu ayuda,” Glen dijo a Mike.)
-
She said, “Do you like to dance?” (Ella dijo, “¿Te gusta bailar?”)
- Estilo indirecto
-
He said he was hungry. (Él dijo que tenía hambre.)
-
Glen said to Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
-
She asked me if I liked to dance. (Me preguntó si me gustaba bailar.)
Tell
- Ejemplos:
- Estilo directo
-
He told me, “I’m hungry.” (Me dijo, “Tengo hambre.”)
-
Glen told Mike, “I need your help.” (Glen dijo a Mike, “Necesito to ayuda.”)
- Estilo indirecto
-
He told me that he was hungry. (Me dijo que tenía hambre.)
-
Glen told Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
- Se usa “tell” con ordenes o instrucciones.
- Ejemplos:
-
I told him, “Stop complaining.” (Le dije, “Deja de quejarte.”)
-
She told us to hurry. (Nos dijo que nos diéramos prisa.)
- Usamos “tell” cuando damos o pedimos información.
- Ejemplos:
-
“Can you tell me your name please.” (“Díme tu nombre, por favor.”)
-
You told him the address of the office? (¿Le dijiste la dirección de la oficina?)
- Se usa “tell” con cuentos o bromas. En esto caso, se puede traducir “tell” como “contar” en español.
- Ejemplos:
-
He told us a great story. (Nos contó un cuento maravilloso.)
-
“Tell me a joke,” she said. (“Cuéntame un chiste,” dijo ella.)
- Con la verdad y las mentiras, se usa “tell.”
- Ejemplos:
-
“Tell me the truth,” she said. (“Dime la verdad,” dijo ella.)
-
Keith never tells lies. (Keith nunca miente.)
- Usamos “tell” con el tiempo o la fecha.
- Ejemplos:
-
“Could you tell me the time, please?” she asked. (“Podrías decirme la hora, por favor?” me preguntó.)
-
Bob told me the date. (Bob me dijo la fecha.)
Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Direct Speech (El estilo directo)
- Ejemplos:
-
“I am going to London next week,“ she said.(“Voy a Londres la semana que viene,” ella dijo.)
-
“Do you have a pen I could borrow,“ he asked. (“Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas prestarme,” él preguntó.)
-
Alice said, “I love to dance.“ (Alice dijo, “Me encanta bailar.”)
-
Chris asked, “Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?“ (Chris preguntó, “Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?”)
Reported Speech (El estilo indirecto)
Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
Present Simple | Past Simple |
“He‘s American“ she said. |
She said he was American. |
“I‘m happy to see you“, Mary said. |
Mary said that she was happy to see me. |
He asked, “Are you busy tonight?“ |
He asked me if I was busy tonight. |
Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
“Dan is living in San Francisco,“ she said. |
She said Dan was living in San Francisco. |
He said, “I’m making dinner” |
He told me that he was making dinner. |
“Why are you working so hard?“ they asked. |
They asked me why I was working so hard. |
Past Simple | Past Perfect Simple |
“We went to the movies last night,“ he said. |
He told me they had gone to the movies last night. |
Greg said, “I didn’t go to work yesterday.“ |
Greg said that he hadn’t gone to work yesterday. |
“Did you buy a new car?“ she asked. |
She asked me if I had bought a new car. |
Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
“I was working late last night,“ Vicki said. |
Vicki told me she‘d been working last night. |
They said, “We weren’t waiting long.“ |
They said that they hadn’t been waitinglong. |
He asked, “Were you sleeping when I called?“ |
He asked if I‘d been sleeping when he called. |
Present Perfect Simple | Past Perfect Simple |
Heather said, “I‘ve already eaten.“ |
Heather told me that she‘d already eaten. |
“We haven’t been to China,” they said. |
They said they hadn’t been to China. |
“Have you worked here before?“ I asked. |
I asked her whether she‘d worked there before. |
Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
“I‘ve been studying English for two years,“he said. |
He said he‘d been studying English for two years. |
Steve said, “We‘ve been dating for over a year now.“ |
Steve told me that they‘d been dating for over a year. |
“Have you been waiting long?“ they asked. |
They asked whether I‘d been waiting long. |
Past Perfect Simple | Past Perfect Simple (*NO CHANGE) |
“I‘d been to Chicago before for work,“ he said. |
He said that he‘d been to Chicago before for work. |
Past Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous (*NO CHANGE) |
She said, “I‘d been dancing for years before the accident.“ |
She said she‘d been dancing for years before the accident. |
- Ejemplos:
-
“I’m 30 years old,” she said. → She said she is 30 years old.
-
Dave said, “Kelly is sick.” → Dave said Kelly is sick.
-
“We are going to Tokyo next week,” they said. → They said they are going to Tokyo next week.
-
“I’ll cut my hair tomorrow,” Nina said. → Nina said she is cutting her hair tomorrow.
Modal Verbs (Los verbos modales)
Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Will | Would |
“I‘ll go to the movies tomorrow,“ John said. |
John said he would go to the movies tomorrow. |
“Will you help me move?“ she asked. |
She asked me if I would help her move. |
Can | Could |
Debra said, “Allen can work tomorrow.“ |
Debra said Allen could work tomorrow. |
“Can you open the window, please?“, he asked. |
He asked me if I could open the window. |
Must | Had to |
“You must wear your seatbelt,“ mom said. |
My mom said I had to wear my seatbelt. |
She said, “You must work tomorrow.“ |
She said I had to work tomorrow. |
Shall | Should |
“Shall we go to the beach today?“ Tom asked. |
Tom asked if we should go to the beach today. |
“What shall we do tonight?” she asked. |
She asked me what we should do tonight. |
May | Might/Could |
Jane said, “I may not be in class tomorrow.“ |
Jane said she might not be in class tomorrow. |
“May I use the bathroom, please?“ the boy asked. |
The boy asked if he could use the bathroom. |
Say vs. Tell
Say
- Ejemplos:
- Estilo directo
-
“I’m hungry,” he said. (“Tengo hambre,” él dijo.)
-
“I need your help,” Glen said to Mike. (“Necesito tu ayuda,” Glen dijo a Mike.)
-
She said, “Do you like to dance?” (Ella dijo, “¿Te gusta bailar?”)
- Estilo indirecto
-
He said he was hungry. (Él dijo que tenía hambre.)
-
Glen said to Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
-
She asked me if I liked to dance. (Me preguntó si me gustaba bailar.)
Tell
- Ejemplos:
- Estilo directo
-
He told me, “I’m hungry.” (Me dijo, “Tengo hambre.”)
-
Glen told Mike, “I need your help.” (Glen dijo a Mike, “Necesito to ayuda.”)
- Estilo indirecto
-
He told me that he was hungry. (Me dijo que tenía hambre.)
-
Glen told Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
- Se usa “tell” con ordenes o instrucciones.
- Ejemplos:
-
I told him, “Stop complaining.” (Le dije, “Deja de quejarte.”)
-
She told us to hurry. (Nos dijo que nos diéramos prisa.)
- Usamos “tell” cuando damos o pedimos información.
- Ejemplos:
-
“Can you tell me your name please.” (“Díme tu nombre, por favor.”)
-
You told him the address of the office? (¿Le dijiste la dirección de la oficina?)
- Se usa “tell” con cuentos o bromas. En esto caso, se puede traducir “tell” como “contar” en español.
- Ejemplos:
-
He told us a great story. (Nos contó un cuento maravilloso.)
-
“Tell me a joke,” she said. (“Cuéntame un chiste,” dijo ella.)
- Con la verdad y las mentiras, se usa “tell.”
- Ejemplos:
-
“Tell me the truth,” she said. (“Dime la verdad,” dijo ella.)
-
Keith never tells lies. (Keith nunca miente.)
- Usamos “tell” con el tiempo o la fecha.
- Ejemplos:
-
“Could you tell me the time, please?” she asked. (“Podrías decirme la hora, por favor?” me preguntó.)
-
Bob told me the date. (Bob me dijo la fecha.)
Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Direct Speech (El estilo directo)
- Ejemplos:
-
“I am going to London next week,“ she said.(“Voy a Londres la semana que viene,” ella dijo.)
-
“Do you have a pen I could borrow,“ he asked. (“Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas prestarme,” él preguntó.)
-
Alice said, “I love to dance.“ (Alice dijo, “Me encanta bailar.”)
-
Chris asked, “Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?“ (Chris preguntó, “Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?”)
Reported Speech (El estilo indirecto)
Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
Present Simple | Past Simple |
“He‘s American“ she said. |
She said he was American. |
“I‘m happy to see you“, Mary said. |
Mary said that she was happy to see me. |
He asked, “Are you busy tonight?“ |
He asked me if I was busy tonight. |
Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
“Dan is living in San Francisco,“ she said. |
She said Dan was living in San Francisco. |
He said, “I’m making dinner” |
He told me that he was making dinner. |
“Why are you working so hard?“ they asked. |
They asked me why I was working so hard. |
Past Simple | Past Perfect Simple |
“We went to the movies last night,“ he said. |
He told me they had gone to the movies last night. |
Greg said, “I didn’t go to work yesterday.“ |
Greg said that he hadn’t gone to work yesterday. |
“Did you buy a new car?“ she asked. |
She asked me if I had bought a new car. |
Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
“I was working late last night,“ Vicki said. |
Vicki told me she‘d been working last night. |
They said, “We weren’t waiting long.“ |
They said that they hadn’t been waitinglong. |
He asked, “Were you sleeping when I called?“ |
He asked if I‘d been sleeping when he called. |
Present Perfect Simple | Past Perfect Simple |
Heather said, “I‘ve already eaten.“ |
Heather told me that she‘d already eaten. |
“We haven’t been to China,” they said. |
They said they hadn’t been to China. |
“Have you worked here before?“ I asked. |
I asked her whether she‘d worked there before. |
Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
“I‘ve been studying English for two years,“he said. |
He said he‘d been studying English for two years. |
Steve said, “We‘ve been dating for over a year now.“ |
Steve told me that they‘d been dating for over a year. |
“Have you been waiting long?“ they asked. |
They asked whether I‘d been waiting long. |
Past Perfect Simple | Past Perfect Simple (*NO CHANGE) |
“I‘d been to Chicago before for work,“ he said. |
He said that he‘d been to Chicago before for work. |
Past Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous (*NO CHANGE) |
She said, “I‘d been dancing for years before the accident.“ |
She said she‘d been dancing for years before the accident. |
- Ejemplos:
-
“I’m 30 years old,” she said. → She said she is 30 years old.
-
Dave said, “Kelly is sick.” → Dave said Kelly is sick.
-
“We are going to Tokyo next week,” they said. → They said they are going to Tokyo next week.
-
“I’ll cut my hair tomorrow,” Nina said. → Nina said she is cutting her hair tomorrow.
Modal Verbs (Los verbos modales)
Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Will | Would |
“I‘ll go to the movies tomorrow,“ John said. |
John said he would go to the movies tomorrow. |
“Will you help me move?“ she asked. |
She asked me if I would help her move. |
Can | Could |
Debra said, “Allen can work tomorrow.“ |
Debra said Allen could work tomorrow. |
“Can you open the window, please?“, he asked. |
He asked me if I could open the window. |
Must | Had to |
“You must wear your seatbelt,“ mom said. |
My mom said I had to wear my seatbelt. |
She said, “You must work tomorrow.“ |
She said I had to work tomorrow. |
Shall | Should |
“Shall we go to the beach today?“ Tom asked. |
Tom asked if we should go to the beach today. |
“What shall we do tonight?” she asked. |
She asked me what we should do tonight. |
May | Might/Could |
Jane said, “I may not be in class tomorrow.“ |
Jane said she might not be in class tomorrow. |
“May I use the bathroom, please?“ the boy asked. |
The boy asked if he could use the bathroom. |
Say vs. Tell
Say
- Ejemplos:
- Estilo directo
-
“I’m hungry,” he said. (“Tengo hambre,” él dijo.)
-
“I need your help,” Glen said to Mike. (“Necesito tu ayuda,” Glen dijo a Mike.)
-
She said, “Do you like to dance?” (Ella dijo, “¿Te gusta bailar?”)
- Estilo indirecto
-
He said he was hungry. (Él dijo que tenía hambre.)
-
Glen said to Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
-
She asked me if I liked to dance. (Me preguntó si me gustaba bailar.)
Tell
- Ejemplos:
- Estilo directo
-
He told me, “I’m hungry.” (Me dijo, “Tengo hambre.”)
-
Glen told Mike, “I need your help.” (Glen dijo a Mike, “Necesito to ayuda.”)
- Estilo indirecto
-
He told me that he was hungry. (Me dijo que tenía hambre.)
-
Glen told Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
- Se usa “tell” con ordenes o instrucciones.
- Ejemplos:
-
I told him, “Stop complaining.” (Le dije, “Deja de quejarte.”)
-
She told us to hurry. (Nos dijo que nos diéramos prisa.)
- Usamos “tell” cuando damos o pedimos información.
- Ejemplos:
-
“Can you tell me your name please.” (“Díme tu nombre, por favor.”)
-
You told him the address of the office? (¿Le dijiste la dirección de la oficina?)
- Se usa “tell” con cuentos o bromas. En esto caso, se puede traducir “tell” como “contar” en español.
- Ejemplos:
-
He told us a great story. (Nos contó un cuento maravilloso.)
-
“Tell me a joke,” she said. (“Cuéntame un chiste,” dijo ella.)
- Con la verdad y las mentiras, se usa “tell.”
- Ejemplos:
-
“Tell me the truth,” she said. (“Dime la verdad,” dijo ella.)
-
Keith never tells lies. (Keith nunca miente.)
- Usamos “tell” con el tiempo o la fecha.
- Ejemplos:
-
“Could you tell me the time, please?” she asked. (“Podrías decirme la hora, por favor?” me preguntó.)
-
Bob told me the date. (Bob me dijo la fecha.)
Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Direct Speech (El estilo directo)
- Ejemplos:
-
“I am going to London next week,“ she said.(“Voy a Londres la semana que viene,” ella dijo.)
-
“Do you have a pen I could borrow,“ he asked. (“Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas prestarme,” él preguntó.)
-
Alice said, “I love to dance.“ (Alice dijo, “Me encanta bailar.”)
-
Chris asked, “Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?“ (Chris preguntó, “Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?”)
Reported Speech (El estilo indirecto)
Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
Present Simple | Past Simple |
“He‘s American“ she said. |
She said he was American. |
“I‘m happy to see you“, Mary said. |
Mary said that she was happy to see me. |
He asked, “Are you busy tonight?“ |
He asked me if I was busy tonight. |
Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
“Dan is living in San Francisco,“ she said. |
She said Dan was living in San Francisco. |
He said, “I’m making dinner” |
He told me that he was making dinner. |
“Why are you working so hard?“ they asked. |
They asked me why I was working so hard. |
Past Simple | Past Perfect Simple |
“We went to the movies last night,“ he said. |
He told me they had gone to the movies last night. |
Greg said, “I didn’t go to work yesterday.“ |
Greg said that he hadn’t gone to work yesterday. |
“Did you buy a new car?“ she asked. |
She asked me if I had bought a new car. |
Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
“I was working late last night,“ Vicki said. |
Vicki told me she‘d been working last night. |
They said, “We weren’t waiting long.“ |
They said that they hadn’t been waitinglong. |
He asked, “Were you sleeping when I called?“ |
He asked if I‘d been sleeping when he called. |
Present Perfect Simple | Past Perfect Simple |
Heather said, “I‘ve already eaten.“ |
Heather told me that she‘d already eaten. |
“We haven’t been to China,” they said. |
They said they hadn’t been to China. |
“Have you worked here before?“ I asked. |
I asked her whether she‘d worked there before. |
Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
“I‘ve been studying English for two years,“he said. |
He said he‘d been studying English for two years. |
Steve said, “We‘ve been dating for over a year now.“ |
Steve told me that they‘d been dating for over a year. |
“Have you been waiting long?“ they asked. |
They asked whether I‘d been waiting long. |
Past Perfect Simple | Past Perfect Simple (*NO CHANGE) |
“I‘d been to Chicago before for work,“ he said. |
He said that he‘d been to Chicago before for work. |
Past Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous (*NO CHANGE) |
She said, “I‘d been dancing for years before the accident.“ |
She said she‘d been dancing for years before the accident. |
- Ejemplos:
-
“I’m 30 years old,” she said. → She said she is 30 years old.
-
Dave said, “Kelly is sick.” → Dave said Kelly is sick.
-
“We are going to Tokyo next week,” they said. → They said they are going to Tokyo next week.
-
“I’ll cut my hair tomorrow,” Nina said. → Nina said she is cutting her hair tomorrow.
Modal Verbs (Los verbos modales)
Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Will | Would |
“I‘ll go to the movies tomorrow,“ John said. |
John said he would go to the movies tomorrow. |
“Will you help me move?“ she asked. |
She asked me if I would help her move. |
Can | Could |
Debra said, “Allen can work tomorrow.“ |
Debra said Allen could work tomorrow. |
“Can you open the window, please?“, he asked. |
He asked me if I could open the window. |
Must | Had to |
“You must wear your seatbelt,“ mom said. |
My mom said I had to wear my seatbelt. |
She said, “You must work tomorrow.“ |
She said I had to work tomorrow. |
Shall | Should |
“Shall we go to the beach today?“ Tom asked. |
Tom asked if we should go to the beach today. |
“What shall we do tonight?” she asked. |
She asked me what we should do tonight. |
May | Might/Could |
Jane said, “I may not be in class tomorrow.“ |
Jane said she might not be in class tomorrow. |
“May I use the bathroom, please?“ the boy asked. |
The boy asked if he could use the bathroom. |
Say vs. Tell
Say
- Ejemplos:
- Estilo directo
-
“I’m hungry,” he said. (“Tengo hambre,” él dijo.)
-
“I need your help,” Glen said to Mike. (“Necesito tu ayuda,” Glen dijo a Mike.)
-
She said, “Do you like to dance?” (Ella dijo, “¿Te gusta bailar?”)
- Estilo indirecto
-
He said he was hungry. (Él dijo que tenía hambre.)
-
Glen said to Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
-
She asked me if I liked to dance. (Me preguntó si me gustaba bailar.)
Tell
- Ejemplos:
- Estilo directo
-
He told me, “I’m hungry.” (Me dijo, “Tengo hambre.”)
-
Glen told Mike, “I need your help.” (Glen dijo a Mike, “Necesito to ayuda.”)
- Estilo indirecto
-
He told me that he was hungry. (Me dijo que tenía hambre.)
-
Glen told Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
- Se usa “tell” con ordenes o instrucciones.
- Ejemplos:
-
I told him, “Stop complaining.” (Le dije, “Deja de quejarte.”)
-
She told us to hurry. (Nos dijo que nos diéramos prisa.)
- Usamos “tell” cuando damos o pedimos información.
- Ejemplos:
-
“Can you tell me your name please.” (“Díme tu nombre, por favor.”)
-
You told him the address of the office? (¿Le dijiste la dirección de la oficina?)
- Se usa “tell” con cuentos o bromas. En esto caso, se puede traducir “tell” como “contar” en español.
- Ejemplos:
-
He told us a great story. (Nos contó un cuento maravilloso.)
-
“Tell me a joke,” she said. (“Cuéntame un chiste,” dijo ella.)
- Con la verdad y las mentiras, se usa “tell.”
- Ejemplos:
-
“Tell me the truth,” she said. (“Dime la verdad,” dijo ella.)
-
Keith never tells lies. (Keith nunca miente.)
- Usamos “tell” con el tiempo o la fecha.
- Ejemplos:
-
“Could you tell me the time, please?” she asked. (“Podrías decirme la hora, por favor?” me preguntó.)
-
Bob told me the date. (Bob me dijo la fecha.)
Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Direct Speech (El estilo directo)
- Ejemplos:
-
“I am going to London next week,“ she said.(“Voy a Londres la semana que viene,” ella dijo.)
-
“Do you have a pen I could borrow,“ he asked. (“Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas prestarme,” él preguntó.)
-
Alice said, “I love to dance.“ (Alice dijo, “Me encanta bailar.”)
-
Chris asked, “Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?“ (Chris preguntó, “Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?”)
Reported Speech (El estilo indirecto)
Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
Present Simple | Past Simple |
“He‘s American“ she said. |
She said he was American. |
“I‘m happy to see you“, Mary said. |
Mary said that she was happy to see me. |
He asked, “Are you busy tonight?“ |
He asked me if I was busy tonight. |
Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
“Dan is living in San Francisco,“ she said. |
She said Dan was living in San Francisco. |
He said, “I’m making dinner” |
He told me that he was making dinner. |
“Why are you working so hard?“ they asked. |
They asked me why I was working so hard. |
Past Simple | Past Perfect Simple |
“We went to the movies last night,“ he said. |
He told me they had gone to the movies last night. |
Greg said, “I didn’t go to work yesterday.“ |
Greg said that he hadn’t gone to work yesterday. |
“Did you buy a new car?“ she asked. |
She asked me if I had bought a new car. |
Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
“I was working late last night,“ Vicki said. |
Vicki told me she‘d been working last night. |
They said, “We weren’t waiting long.“ |
They said that they hadn’t been waitinglong. |
He asked, “Were you sleeping when I called?“ |
He asked if I‘d been sleeping when he called. |
Present Perfect Simple | Past Perfect Simple |
Heather said, “I‘ve already eaten.“ |
Heather told me that she‘d already eaten. |
“We haven’t been to China,” they said. |
They said they hadn’t been to China. |
“Have you worked here before?“ I asked. |
I asked her whether she‘d worked there before. |
Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
“I‘ve been studying English for two years,“he said. |
He said he‘d been studying English for two years. |
Steve said, “We‘ve been dating for over a year now.“ |
Steve told me that they‘d been dating for over a year. |
“Have you been waiting long?“ they asked. |
They asked whether I‘d been waiting long. |
Past Perfect Simple | Past Perfect Simple (*NO CHANGE) |
“I‘d been to Chicago before for work,“ he said. |
He said that he‘d been to Chicago before for work. |
Past Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous (*NO CHANGE) |
She said, “I‘d been dancing for years before the accident.“ |
She said she‘d been dancing for years before the accident. |
- Ejemplos:
-
“I’m 30 years old,” she said. → She said she is 30 years old.
-
Dave said, “Kelly is sick.” → Dave said Kelly is sick.
-
“We are going to Tokyo next week,” they said. → They said they are going to Tokyo next week.
-
“I’ll cut my hair tomorrow,” Nina said. → Nina said she is cutting her hair tomorrow.
Modal Verbs (Los verbos modales)
Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Will | Would |
“I‘ll go to the movies tomorrow,“ John said. |
John said he would go to the movies tomorrow. |
“Will you help me move?“ she asked. |
She asked me if I would help her move. |
Can | Could |
Debra said, “Allen can work tomorrow.“ |
Debra said Allen could work tomorrow. |
“Can you open the window, please?“, he asked. |
He asked me if I could open the window. |
Must | Had to |
“You must wear your seatbelt,“ mom said. |
My mom said I had to wear my seatbelt. |
She said, “You must work tomorrow.“ |
She said I had to work tomorrow. |
Shall | Should |
“Shall we go to the beach today?“ Tom asked. |
Tom asked if we should go to the beach today. |
“What shall we do tonight?” she asked. |
She asked me what we should do tonight. |
May | Might/Could |
Jane said, “I may not be in class tomorrow.“ |
Jane said she might not be in class tomorrow. |
“May I use the bathroom, please?“ the boy asked. |
The boy asked if he could use the bathroom. |
Say vs. Tell
Say
- Ejemplos:
- Estilo directo
-
“I’m hungry,” he said. (“Tengo hambre,” él dijo.)
-
“I need your help,” Glen said to Mike. (“Necesito tu ayuda,” Glen dijo a Mike.)
-
She said, “Do you like to dance?” (Ella dijo, “¿Te gusta bailar?”)
- Estilo indirecto
-
He said he was hungry. (Él dijo que tenía hambre.)
-
Glen said to Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
-
She asked me if I liked to dance. (Me preguntó si me gustaba bailar.)
Tell
- Ejemplos:
- Estilo directo
-
He told me, “I’m hungry.” (Me dijo, “Tengo hambre.”)
-
Glen told Mike, “I need your help.” (Glen dijo a Mike, “Necesito to ayuda.”)
- Estilo indirecto
-
He told me that he was hungry. (Me dijo que tenía hambre.)
-
Glen told Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
- Se usa “tell” con ordenes o instrucciones.
- Ejemplos:
-
I told him, “Stop complaining.” (Le dije, “Deja de quejarte.”)
-
She told us to hurry. (Nos dijo que nos diéramos prisa.)
- Usamos “tell” cuando damos o pedimos información.
- Ejemplos:
-
“Can you tell me your name please.” (“Díme tu nombre, por favor.”)
-
You told him the address of the office? (¿Le dijiste la dirección de la oficina?)
- Se usa “tell” con cuentos o bromas. En esto caso, se puede traducir “tell” como “contar” en español.
- Ejemplos:
-
He told us a great story. (Nos contó un cuento maravilloso.)
-
“Tell me a joke,” she said. (“Cuéntame un chiste,” dijo ella.)
- Con la verdad y las mentiras, se usa “tell.”
- Ejemplos:
-
“Tell me the truth,” she said. (“Dime la verdad,” dijo ella.)
-
Keith never tells lies. (Keith nunca miente.)
- Usamos “tell” con el tiempo o la fecha.
- Ejemplos:
-
“Could you tell me the time, please?” she asked. (“Podrías decirme la hora, por favor?” me preguntó.)
-
Bob told me the date. (Bob me dijo la fecha.)
Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Direct Speech (El estilo directo)
- Ejemplos:
-
“I am going to London next week,“ she said.(“Voy a Londres la semana que viene,” ella dijo.)
-
“Do you have a pen I could borrow,“ he asked. (“Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas prestarme,” él preguntó.)
-
Alice said, “I love to dance.“ (Alice dijo, “Me encanta bailar.”)
-
Chris asked, “Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?“ (Chris preguntó, “Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?”)
Reported Speech (El estilo indirecto)
Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
Present Simple | Past Simple |
“He‘s American“ she said. |
She said he was American. |
“I‘m happy to see you“, Mary said. |
Mary said that she was happy to see me. |
He asked, “Are you busy tonight?“ |
He asked me if I was busy tonight. |
Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
“Dan is living in San Francisco,“ she said. |
She said Dan was living in San Francisco. |
He said, “I’m making dinner” |
He told me that he was making dinner. |
“Why are you working so hard?“ they asked. |
They asked me why I was working so hard. |
Past Simple | Past Perfect Simple |
“We went to the movies last night,“ he said. |
He told me they had gone to the movies last night. |
Greg said, “I didn’t go to work yesterday.“ |
Greg said that he hadn’t gone to work yesterday. |
“Did you buy a new car?“ she asked. |
She asked me if I had bought a new car. |
Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
“I was working late last night,“ Vicki said. |
Vicki told me she‘d been working last night. |
They said, “We weren’t waiting long.“ |
They said that they hadn’t been waitinglong. |
He asked, “Were you sleeping when I called?“ |
He asked if I‘d been sleeping when he called. |
Present Perfect Simple | Past Perfect Simple |
Heather said, “I‘ve already eaten.“ |
Heather told me that she‘d already eaten. |
“We haven’t been to China,” they said. |
They said they hadn’t been to China. |
“Have you worked here before?“ I asked. |
I asked her whether she‘d worked there before. |
Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
“I‘ve been studying English for two years,“he said. |
He said he‘d been studying English for two years. |
Steve said, “We‘ve been dating for over a year now.“ |
Steve told me that they‘d been dating for over a year. |
“Have you been waiting long?“ they asked. |
They asked whether I‘d been waiting long. |
Past Perfect Simple | Past Perfect Simple (*NO CHANGE) |
“I‘d been to Chicago before for work,“ he said. |
He said that he‘d been to Chicago before for work. |
Past Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous (*NO CHANGE) |
She said, “I‘d been dancing for years before the accident.“ |
She said she‘d been dancing for years before the accident. |
- Ejemplos:
-
“I’m 30 years old,” she said. → She said she is 30 years old.
-
Dave said, “Kelly is sick.” → Dave said Kelly is sick.
-
“We are going to Tokyo next week,” they said. → They said they are going to Tokyo next week.
-
“I’ll cut my hair tomorrow,” Nina said. → Nina said she is cutting her hair tomorrow.
Modal Verbs (Los verbos modales)
Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Will | Would |
“I‘ll go to the movies tomorrow,“ John said. |
John said he would go to the movies tomorrow. |
“Will you help me move?“ she asked. |
She asked me if I would help her move. |
Can | Could |
Debra said, “Allen can work tomorrow.“ |
Debra said Allen could work tomorrow. |
“Can you open the window, please?“, he asked. |
He asked me if I could open the window. |
Must | Had to |
“You must wear your seatbelt,“ mom said. |
My mom said I had to wear my seatbelt. |
She said, “You must work tomorrow.“ |
She said I had to work tomorrow. |
Shall | Should |
“Shall we go to the beach today?“ Tom asked. |
Tom asked if we should go to the beach today. |
“What shall we do tonight?” she asked. |
She asked me what we should do tonight. |
May | Might/Could |
Jane said, “I may not be in class tomorrow.“ |
Jane said she might not be in class tomorrow. |
“May I use the bathroom, please?“ the boy asked. |
The boy asked if he could use the bathroom. |
Say vs. Tell
Say
- Ejemplos:
- Estilo directo
-
“I’m hungry,” he said. (“Tengo hambre,” él dijo.)
-
“I need your help,” Glen said to Mike. (“Necesito tu ayuda,” Glen dijo a Mike.)
-
She said, “Do you like to dance?” (Ella dijo, “¿Te gusta bailar?”)
- Estilo indirecto
-
He said he was hungry. (Él dijo que tenía hambre.)
-
Glen said to Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
-
She asked me if I liked to dance. (Me preguntó si me gustaba bailar.)
Tell
- Ejemplos:
- Estilo directo
-
He told me, “I’m hungry.” (Me dijo, “Tengo hambre.”)
-
Glen told Mike, “I need your help.” (Glen dijo a Mike, “Necesito to ayuda.”)
- Estilo indirecto
-
He told me that he was hungry. (Me dijo que tenía hambre.)
-
Glen told Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
- Se usa “tell” con ordenes o instrucciones.
- Ejemplos:
-
I told him, “Stop complaining.” (Le dije, “Deja de quejarte.”)
-
She told us to hurry. (Nos dijo que nos diéramos prisa.)
- Usamos “tell” cuando damos o pedimos información.
- Ejemplos:
-
“Can you tell me your name please.” (“Díme tu nombre, por favor.”)
-
You told him the address of the office? (¿Le dijiste la dirección de la oficina?)
- Se usa “tell” con cuentos o bromas. En esto caso, se puede traducir “tell” como “contar” en español.
- Ejemplos:
-
He told us a great story. (Nos contó un cuento maravilloso.)
-
“Tell me a joke,” she said. (“Cuéntame un chiste,” dijo ella.)
- Con la verdad y las mentiras, se usa “tell.”
- Ejemplos:
-
“Tell me the truth,” she said. (“Dime la verdad,” dijo ella.)
-
Keith never tells lies. (Keith nunca miente.)
- Usamos “tell” con el tiempo o la fecha.
- Ejemplos:
-
“Could you tell me the time, please?” she asked. (“Podrías decirme la hora, por favor?” me preguntó.)
-
Bob told me the date. (Bob me dijo la fecha.)
Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Direct Speech (El estilo directo)
- Ejemplos:
-
“I am going to London next week,“ she said.(“Voy a Londres la semana que viene,” ella dijo.)
-
“Do you have a pen I could borrow,“ he asked. (“Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas prestarme,” él preguntó.)
-
Alice said, “I love to dance.“ (Alice dijo, “Me encanta bailar.”)
-
Chris asked, “Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?“ (Chris preguntó, “Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?”)
Reported Speech (El estilo indirecto)
Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
Present Simple | Past Simple |
“He‘s American“ she said. |
She said he was American. |
“I‘m happy to see you“, Mary said. |
Mary said that she was happy to see me. |
He asked, “Are you busy tonight?“ |
He asked me if I was busy tonight. |
Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
“Dan is living in San Francisco,“ she said. |
She said Dan was living in San Francisco. |
He said, “I’m making dinner” |
He told me that he was making dinner. |
“Why are you working so hard?“ they asked. |
They asked me why I was working so hard. |
Past Simple | Past Perfect Simple |
“We went to the movies last night,“ he said. |
He told me they had gone to the movies last night. |
Greg said, “I didn’t go to work yesterday.“ |
Greg said that he hadn’t gone to work yesterday. |
“Did you buy a new car?“ she asked. |
She asked me if I had bought a new car. |
Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
“I was working late last night,“ Vicki said. |
Vicki told me she‘d been working last night. |
They said, “We weren’t waiting long.“ |
They said that they hadn’t been waitinglong. |
He asked, “Were you sleeping when I called?“ |
He asked if I‘d been sleeping when he called. |
Present Perfect Simple | Past Perfect Simple |
Heather said, “I‘ve already eaten.“ |
Heather told me that she‘d already eaten. |
“We haven’t been to China,” they said. |
They said they hadn’t been to China. |
“Have you worked here before?“ I asked. |
I asked her whether she‘d worked there before. |
Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
“I‘ve been studying English for two years,“he said. |
He said he‘d been studying English for two years. |
Steve said, “We‘ve been dating for over a year now.“ |
Steve told me that they‘d been dating for over a year. |
“Have you been waiting long?“ they asked. |
They asked whether I‘d been waiting long. |
Past Perfect Simple | Past Perfect Simple (*NO CHANGE) |
“I‘d been to Chicago before for work,“ he said. |
He said that he‘d been to Chicago before for work. |
Past Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous (*NO CHANGE) |
She said, “I‘d been dancing for years before the accident.“ |
She said she‘d been dancing for years before the accident. |
- Ejemplos:
-
“I’m 30 years old,” she said. → She said she is 30 years old.
-
Dave said, “Kelly is sick.” → Dave said Kelly is sick.
-
“We are going to Tokyo next week,” they said. → They said they are going to Tokyo next week.
-
“I’ll cut my hair tomorrow,” Nina said. → Nina said she is cutting her hair tomorrow.
Modal Verbs (Los verbos modales)
Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Will | Would |
“I‘ll go to the movies tomorrow,“ John said. |
John said he would go to the movies tomorrow. |
“Will you help me move?“ she asked. |
She asked me if I would help her move. |
Can | Could |
Debra said, “Allen can work tomorrow.“ |
Debra said Allen could work tomorrow. |
“Can you open the window, please?“, he asked. |
He asked me if I could open the window. |
Must | Had to |
“You must wear your seatbelt,“ mom said. |
My mom said I had to wear my seatbelt. |
She said, “You must work tomorrow.“ |
She said I had to work tomorrow. |
Shall | Should |
“Shall we go to the beach today?“ Tom asked. |
Tom asked if we should go to the beach today. |
“What shall we do tonight?” she asked. |
She asked me what we should do tonight. |
May | Might/Could |
Jane said, “I may not be in class tomorrow.“ |
Jane said she might not be in class tomorrow. |
“May I use the bathroom, please?“ the boy asked. |
The boy asked if he could use the bathroom. |
Say vs. Tell
Say
- Ejemplos:
- Estilo directo
-
“I’m hungry,” he said. (“Tengo hambre,” él dijo.)
-
“I need your help,” Glen said to Mike. (“Necesito tu ayuda,” Glen dijo a Mike.)
-
She said, “Do you like to dance?” (Ella dijo, “¿Te gusta bailar?”)
- Estilo indirecto
-
He said he was hungry. (Él dijo que tenía hambre.)
-
Glen said to Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
-
She asked me if I liked to dance. (Me preguntó si me gustaba bailar.)
Tell
- Ejemplos:
- Estilo directo
-
He told me, “I’m hungry.” (Me dijo, “Tengo hambre.”)
-
Glen told Mike, “I need your help.” (Glen dijo a Mike, “Necesito to ayuda.”)
- Estilo indirecto
-
He told me that he was hungry. (Me dijo que tenía hambre.)
-
Glen told Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
- Se usa “tell” con ordenes o instrucciones.
- Ejemplos:
-
I told him, “Stop complaining.” (Le dije, “Deja de quejarte.”)
-
She told us to hurry. (Nos dijo que nos diéramos prisa.)
- Usamos “tell” cuando damos o pedimos información.
- Ejemplos:
-
“Can you tell me your name please.” (“Díme tu nombre, por favor.”)
-
You told him the address of the office? (¿Le dijiste la dirección de la oficina?)
- Se usa “tell” con cuentos o bromas. En esto caso, se puede traducir “tell” como “contar” en español.
- Ejemplos:
-
He told us a great story. (Nos contó un cuento maravilloso.)
-
“Tell me a joke,” she said. (“Cuéntame un chiste,” dijo ella.)
- Con la verdad y las mentiras, se usa “tell.”
- Ejemplos:
-
“Tell me the truth,” she said. (“Dime la verdad,” dijo ella.)
-
Keith never tells lies. (Keith nunca miente.)
- Usamos “tell” con el tiempo o la fecha.
- Ejemplos:
-
“Could you tell me the time, please?” she asked. (“Podrías decirme la hora, por favor?” me preguntó.)
-
Bob told me the date. (Bob me dijo la fecha.)
Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Direct Speech (El estilo directo)
- Ejemplos:
-
“I am going to London next week,“ she said.(“Voy a Londres la semana que viene,” ella dijo.)
-
“Do you have a pen I could borrow,“ he asked. (“Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas prestarme,” él preguntó.)
-
Alice said, “I love to dance.“ (Alice dijo, “Me encanta bailar.”)
-
Chris asked, “Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?“ (Chris preguntó, “Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?”)
Reported Speech (El estilo indirecto)
Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
Present Simple | Past Simple |
“He‘s American“ she said. |
She said he was American. |
“I‘m happy to see you“, Mary said. |
Mary said that she was happy to see me. |
He asked, “Are you busy tonight?“ |
He asked me if I was busy tonight. |
Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
“Dan is living in San Francisco,“ she said. |
She said Dan was living in San Francisco. |
He said, “I’m making dinner” |
He told me that he was making dinner. |
“Why are you working so hard?“ they asked. |
They asked me why I was working so hard. |
Past Simple | Past Perfect Simple |
“We went to the movies last night,“ he said. |
He told me they had gone to the movies last night. |
Greg said, “I didn’t go to work yesterday.“ |
Greg said that he hadn’t gone to work yesterday. |
“Did you buy a new car?“ she asked. |
She asked me if I had bought a new car. |
Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
“I was working late last night,“ Vicki said. |
Vicki told me she‘d been working last night. |
They said, “We weren’t waiting long.“ |
They said that they hadn’t been waitinglong. |
He asked, “Were you sleeping when I called?“ |
He asked if I‘d been sleeping when he called. |
Present Perfect Simple | Past Perfect Simple |
Heather said, “I‘ve already eaten.“ |
Heather told me that she‘d already eaten. |
“We haven’t been to China,” they said. |
They said they hadn’t been to China. |
“Have you worked here before?“ I asked. |
I asked her whether she‘d worked there before. |
Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
“I‘ve been studying English for two years,“he said. |
He said he‘d been studying English for two years. |
Steve said, “We‘ve been dating for over a year now.“ |
Steve told me that they‘d been dating for over a year. |
“Have you been waiting long?“ they asked. |
They asked whether I‘d been waiting long. |
Past Perfect Simple | Past Perfect Simple (*NO CHANGE) |
“I‘d been to Chicago before for work,“ he said. |
He said that he‘d been to Chicago before for work. |
Past Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous (*NO CHANGE) |
She said, “I‘d been dancing for years before the accident.“ |
She said she‘d been dancing for years before the accident. |
- Ejemplos:
-
“I’m 30 years old,” she said. → She said she is 30 years old.
-
Dave said, “Kelly is sick.” → Dave said Kelly is sick.
-
“We are going to Tokyo next week,” they said. → They said they are going to Tokyo next week.
-
“I’ll cut my hair tomorrow,” Nina said. → Nina said she is cutting her hair tomorrow.
Modal Verbs (Los verbos modales)
Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Will | Would |
“I‘ll go to the movies tomorrow,“ John said. |
John said he would go to the movies tomorrow. |
“Will you help me move?“ she asked. |
She asked me if I would help her move. |
Can | Could |
Debra said, “Allen can work tomorrow.“ |
Debra said Allen could work tomorrow. |
“Can you open the window, please?“, he asked. |
He asked me if I could open the window. |
Must | Had to |
“You must wear your seatbelt,“ mom said. |
My mom said I had to wear my seatbelt. |
She said, “You must work tomorrow.“ |
She said I had to work tomorrow. |
Shall | Should |
“Shall we go to the beach today?“ Tom asked. |
Tom asked if we should go to the beach today. |
“What shall we do tonight?” she asked. |
She asked me what we should do tonight. |
May | Might/Could |
Jane said, “I may not be in class tomorrow.“ |
Jane said she might not be in class tomorrow. |
“May I use the bathroom, please?“ the boy asked. |
The boy asked if he could use the bathroom. |
Say vs. Tell
Say
- Ejemplos:
- Estilo directo
-
“I’m hungry,” he said. (“Tengo hambre,” él dijo.)
-
“I need your help,” Glen said to Mike. (“Necesito tu ayuda,” Glen dijo a Mike.)
-
She said, “Do you like to dance?” (Ella dijo, “¿Te gusta bailar?”)
- Estilo indirecto
-
He said he was hungry. (Él dijo que tenía hambre.)
-
Glen said to Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
-
She asked me if I liked to dance. (Me preguntó si me gustaba bailar.)
Tell
- Ejemplos:
- Estilo directo
-
He told me, “I’m hungry.” (Me dijo, “Tengo hambre.”)
-
Glen told Mike, “I need your help.” (Glen dijo a Mike, “Necesito to ayuda.”)
- Estilo indirecto
-
He told me that he was hungry. (Me dijo que tenía hambre.)
-
Glen told Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
- Se usa “tell” con ordenes o instrucciones.
- Ejemplos:
-
I told him, “Stop complaining.” (Le dije, “Deja de quejarte.”)
-
She told us to hurry. (Nos dijo que nos diéramos prisa.)
- Usamos “tell” cuando damos o pedimos información.
- Ejemplos:
-
“Can you tell me your name please.” (“Díme tu nombre, por favor.”)
-
You told him the address of the office? (¿Le dijiste la dirección de la oficina?)
- Se usa “tell” con cuentos o bromas. En esto caso, se puede traducir “tell” como “contar” en español.
- Ejemplos:
-
He told us a great story. (Nos contó un cuento maravilloso.)
-
“Tell me a joke,” she said. (“Cuéntame un chiste,” dijo ella.)
- Con la verdad y las mentiras, se usa “tell.”
- Ejemplos:
-
“Tell me the truth,” she said. (“Dime la verdad,” dijo ella.)
-
Keith never tells lies. (Keith nunca miente.)
- Usamos “tell” con el tiempo o la fecha.
- Ejemplos:
-
“Could you tell me the time, please?” she asked. (“Podrías decirme la hora, por favor?” me preguntó.)
-
Bob told me the date. (Bob me dijo la fecha.)